Foundations and Limits of Freedom of the Press - 705 Words

In â€Å"Foundations and Limits of Freedom of the Press, â€Å" Judith Lichtenberg explores the ongoing controversial argument surrounding the regulation of the press and mass media. She evaluates the ability of the press to shape our opinions and values through an examination of the interdependent relationship between freedom of speech and press. Furthermore, she notes that, while the two rights appear similar as they are both considered as forms of self-expression, it is important to differ between the two. While Lichtenberg states that freedom of speech and freedom of press are â€Å"inseparable† and â€Å"equally fundamental† she also claims that there are distinct difference between the two basic rights (Lichtenberg 329). She defines the freedom of speech as the equal foundational right to symbolic expression of multiplicity of voices (Lichtenberg 337). The main difference between freedom of speech and press lies in that freedom of press is in the public domain a nd once self-expression is launched into a public sphere, it threatens to restrict another’s autonomy. Here Lichtenberg uses the analogy of a restaurant to illustrate her claim. Although the restaurant may be privately owned, its success depends on the public; therefore it ceases to remain an entirely private institution (Lichtenberg 343). While freedom of speech concerns only the individual and is nearly unconditional, freedom of press regards organizations that lies in the public domain therefore we it should be exercisedShow MoreRelatedSpeech On Freedom Of Speech950 Words   |  4 Pagesspeak and express yourself freely. Liberty was not absolute for everybody. Way back and even today people still don’t have complete liberty in America. The early Americans put limits on freedom even when they were trying to create more freedom. The type of limits that the early Americans put on freedom were limits on freedom of speech, and much more. Even with the American Revol ution, it was not for everybody. The American Revolution was only for the colonist and men, but over time the idea of libertyRead MoreThe National Communication Structure And Media Of South Africa Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesother African countries has been in a vibrant war with the national media over freedom of expression, with President Jacob Zuma using different tactics to protect his malpractices. In line with this, this paper analyzes the national communication structure and media of South Africa from the apartheid error to present. South Africa is a home to the vibrant media landscape. The organizations advocating for press freedom have actively from past been pushing back against government encroachment on rightsRead MoreEssay on Social Networking: Limits to Privacy and Freedom of Speech1186 Words   |  5 Pages According to the first amendment, citizens of the United States are guaranteed freedom of speech. My older friends and family members tell me that that is true, or at least it used to be. In our current generation there is one major factor of society where freedom of speech is extremely limited. That part of society is social networking. This leaves me to, is our generation free to express our opinions whenever we feel the urge? According to Oscar Gandy’s (1993) perspective, â€Å"we probably doRead MoreThe Catcher In the Rye Should Not be Banned Essay789 Words   |  4 Pagesbe banned. The novel, The Catcher In the Rye, should not be banned from inclusion in the literature courses taught at the high school level. nbsp; Banning a book on the basis of profanity is merely a superficial reason of those who wish to limit beliefs that do not coincide with their own. By excluding a novel from a high school curriculum in order to shelter students from profanity, is an attempt to do the impossible. Profanity is found everywhere. According to TV Guide, Profanity isRead More Amendments to the Constitution Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe framers of our Constitution knew that time has a way of changing countries and their citizens. Our country was in a whirlwind of change in 1789 as people were experiencing freedom from the tyranny of England for the first time in their lives. Our country was being molded and formed into a great nation by the founding fathers. Expectations and rules had to be set to protect the rights of the minorities and majorities. Amendments to the Constitution were written to ensure equality for all in changingRead MoreThe Potential Abolishment of Government Assistance Programs 1 248 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber one on the list for needing to be suppressed. There are some who say that social security is a mandatory Ponzi scheme that has a bad effect on American workers. According to Julia Borowski, staff writer at Freedom Works, who promotes lower taxes, less government, and more freedom, calls social security a mandatory Ponzi scheme. Borowski also claims that everyone is being forced to pay social security payroll taxes but should have a right to opt out (Julia Borowski). Rick Perry made headlinesRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : Free Speech1296 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom Of Speech In 399 B.C, the Greek Philosopher Socrates was persecuted for an early argument promoting free speech. Later on, The Protection of Speech was first introduced when the Magna Carta was signed in 1215, and in 1948, the United Nations stated that free speech is a human right and drafted into the international Declaration of Human rights.The government doesn t have the right to make a law abridging the freedom of speech because Free Speech is a form of democracy and it s a fundamentalRead MoreUnderstanding Organisations and the Role of Hr Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagesand Category C (minor ailments and injuries that often do not result in hospital treatment). Our three key finance targets are to: - Break even in the year; - Achieve a 3.5% Return on Capital; - Comply with the External Financing Limit Analysis of a Minimum of Four External Factors and their Impact on the Business Activities of the Organisation As the Trust sits within the public sector, funding is the most important external factor affecting the service. T he Trust is largelyRead MoreQ1.name And Describe The Two Dominant Opposing Approaches1283 Words   |  6 Pages(Patterson Lindberg, 1991). Over the past, these rights were almost unlimited. People would use existing developments as if they were their own without any regard of the creator’s exclusive rights. The need to balance and limit such rights arose, and governments established these limits for the general good of the public. One of the main opposing approaches of the copyright laws was the Neoclassic approach. Neoclassic theory, in copyright, denies the society the free use of intellectual material unlessRead MoreThe Rights Of The Citizens Of A Country973 Words   |  4 Pagescountries with legal and political systems have some sort of legal protection system that protects the values and freedoms that they think are important. While it is there to list and protect the rights of man, it is also in play to limit the power of the government, and to declare things Congress shall never do. These limitations serve to protect freedoms of religion and speech, a free press, free assembly, and free association, and the right to keep and bear arms. The U.S Bill of Rights is a document

Dependent Variable Definition and Examples

A dependent variable is the variable being tested in a scientific experiment. The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable. As the experimenter changes the independent variable, the change in the dependent variable is observed and recorded. When you take data in an experiment, the dependent variable is the one being measured. Common Misspellings: dependant variable Dependent Variable Examples A scientist is testing the effect of light and dark on the behavior of moths by turning a light on and off. The independent variable is the amount of light and the moths reaction is the dependent variable.  A change in the independent variable (amount of light) directly causes a change in the dependent variable (moth behavior).You are interested in learning which kind of chicken produces the largest eggs. The size of the eggs depends on the breed of chicken, so breed is the independent variable and egg size is the dependent variable.You want to know whether or not stress affects heart rate. Your independent variable is the stress, while the dependent variable would be the heart rate. To perform an experiment, you would provide stress and measure the subjects heartbeat. Note in a good experiment, youd want to choose a stress you could control and quantify. Your choice could lead you to perform additional experiments since it might turn out the change in heart rate after exposure to a decrease in temperature 40 degrees (physical stress) might be different from the heart rate after failing a test (psychological stress). Even though your independent variable might be a number that you measure, its one you control, so its not dependent. Distinguishing Between Dependent and Independent Variables Sometimes its easy to tell the two types of variables apart, but if you get confused, here are tips to help keep them straight: If you change one variable, which is affected? If youre studying the rate of growth of plants using different fertilizers, can you identify the variables? Start by thinking about what you are controlling and what you will be measuring. The type of fertilizer is the independent variable. The rate of growth is the dependent variable. So, to perform an experiment, you would fertilize plants with one fertilizer and measure the change in height of the plant over time, then switch fertilizers and measure the height of plants over the same span of time. You might be tempted to identify time or height as your variable, not the rate of growth (distance per time). It may help to look at your hypothesis or purpose to remember your goal.Write out your variables as a sentence stating cause and effect. The (independent variable) causes a change in the (dependent variable). Usually, the sentence wont make sense if you get them wrong. For example:(Taking vitamins) affects the numbers of (birth defec ts). makes sense(Birth defects) affects the number of (vitamins). probably not so much Graphing the Dependent Variable When you graph data, the independent variable is on the x-axis, while the dependent variable is on the y-axis. You can use the DRY MIX acronym to remember this: D - dependent variableR - responds to changeY - Y-axis M - manipulated variable (one you change)I - independent variableX - X-axis

Drug Addiction and Health Problems - 965 Words

Drug addiction, also called substance dependence of chemical dependency, is a disease that is characterized by a destructive pattern of drug abuse that leads to significant problems involving tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance, as well as other problems that use of the substance can cause for the sufferer, either socially or in terms of their work or school performance. More than 2.6% of people suffer from drug addiction at some time in their life. The term dual diagnosis refers to the presence of both a drug abuse or dependence issue in addition to a serious mental health problem in an individual. Substance abuse or dependence unfortunately occurs quite commonly in people who also have severe mental illness. Individuals with dual diagnosis are also at a higher risk of being noncompliant with treatment. Drugs are chemicals. Different drugs, because of their chemical structures, can affect the body in different ways. In fact, some drugs can even change a person’s body and brain in ways that last long after the person has stopped taking drugs, maybe even permanently. Depending on the drug, it can enter the body in a number of ways, including injection, inhalation, and ingestion. The method of how it enters the body impacts on how the drug affects the person. For example, injection takes the drug directly into the blood stream, providing more immediate effects; while ingestion requires the drug to pass through the digestive system, delaying the effects. MostShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse and Addiction851 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Abuse and Addiction, Problems amp; Solutions in Turkey Drug Abuse and Addiction, Problems amp; Solutions in Turkey Abdullah Furkan Kaya Ä °stanbul Åžehir University 30.4.2012 Drug abuse is an addiction, which has different substance types and can ruin people’s life or even cause death. People use it for variety of reasons such as getting away from their bothers or getting high. Approximately 200 million people abusing drugs, most of them are addicted in the world. This number isRead MoreEssay about Teenage Drug Addiction1079 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Addiction in Teenagers Drugs have been around for a long time and there are many different reasons for them. In particular, they have been misused by teenagers over the years, but in today’s society drug use is at its highest level. Young adults do not deal with their problems in a healthy way, instead they turn to drugs as a solution. Teens who abuse drugs hurt their loved ones and the people who care the most about them. Drugs impact the health of a young adult becauseRead MoreGambling Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pagesvarious addictions in the world today such as, drug, alcohol, sex, eating, or gambling addictions. One might ask the question, is one addiction more serious than another or are all addictions equally destructive? In particular, is an addiction such as gambling as serious as an addiction to drugs or alcohol? Research suggests a gambling addiction is less severe than a drug or alcohol addiction because drug or alcohol addictions are psychological and physical, can cause other addictions, can resultRead MoreAddiction and Addictions Internet Addictions1321 Words   |  6 Pagesdamaging today s society. Addictions are a fast growing concern, it has branched off and caused many problems whether it be related to drugs, alcohol, gambling, sex, Internet, or eating. Addictions are something society faces everyday. Although there are many reasons behind why addiction are growing, and where they stemmed from, today s society has focused primarily on how someone with an addictions problem can seek help. Also the many Gaps and Barriers around addictions are enabling people who wishRead MoreEssay On The Effects Of Drugs739 Words   |  3 Pagesbody. A major one is drug. Not only does drugs harm your body, but also effect your behavior and people around you. Drugs come in many forms, from drinking to smoking. â€Å"Tobacco is one of the world most used drug, and it’s responsible for an estimated 5 million deaths worldwide each year† (Addiction and Health). Abusing drugs can cause mental, health problems, and also effect the people around you. The use of drugs cause people to experience mental issues such as behavior problems. This is due to theRead MoreThe Problem Of Elderly Substance Abuse1490 Words   |  6 PagesPeople are often surprised to learn that elderly people abuse drugs and alcohol at extremely high rates. In fact, elderly substance abuse has become something of an unknown epidemic in the country, impacting an ever-increasing number of people. Sadly, this problem is often ignored or misunderstood and elderly people with addictions rarely get the help they need. Hopefully this problem changes for the good before it changes for the bad. Until then, it s worth knowing more about it, including theRead MoreDrug Abuse And Addiction Have Negative Consequences For Individuals And For Society1321 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Drug abuse and addiction have negative consequences for individuals and for society† (DrugFacts: Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), n.d.). Whether it is illegal substances or it is prescription over use, drug addiction can affect the 18 year old college student or the 70 year old grandmother. Even though drug addiction is still a growing and constant problem each model is fighting to get this problem under control. In this paper we will discuss howRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Smoking, And How It Affects Family Relationships1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic that will be discussed in the following paper will focus on the issues of addiction; in specific, substance abuse and s moking, and how it affects family relationships. Living with someone who struggles with substance abuse is a very difficult battle amongst many families worldwide. When we were brought into this world, we were not born with a set of values and expectations, but rather, that is something that we learnt over our years of development. Primarily, we spend most of our time withRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction1074 Words   |  5 PagesDrug abuse is a rampant problem in the United States. Drug usage and consumption has grown over the years. Drug addiction is a dilemma that has greatly increased among our current day society. Addiction is a serious problem. This can be defined as continued involvement with a substance or activity despite ongoing negative consequence. Narcotics like marijuana, heroin, crystal meth and crack cocaine are generally called drugs. Men and woman either take these drugs orally or inhale them. Drugs, otherRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse Among Adolescents14 23 Words   |  6 PagesDrug abuse among adolescents is a growing problem in the United States with a staggering amount of teens falling victim to the vicious cycle of drug abuse. Teens are subjected to pressure from their peers and have the misconception that using drugs are cool and free of consequences. Therefore, teens begin to experiment with drugs and alcohol at an early age and often times don’t think about the negative stigma associated with drug abuse. Unfortunately, even casual use of drugs and alcohol can

Lowering The Drinking Age On The United States - 1912 Words

Cameran White Mrs. Hayes Eng 102 J 14 April 2017 Why 21? Over the years, there have been debates about lowering the drinking age in the United States to eighteen. People argue that if a person can fight in the military or vote in elections, then he or she should be allowed the right to drink alcohol. Others feel that it is not wise to lower the legal drinking age because the results would be dangerous. Alcohol is a substance that is extremely destructive and if it is used incorrectly or immaturely the consequences can be dangerous to the users and the ones around them. Underage drinking, specifically under the age of twenty-one, should not be allowed in the United States because it is dangerous. Although there are arguments for lowering†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Eighty percent of twenty-one year olds admit to purchasing alcohol for younger friends (Bonnie 5). If twenty-one year olds give alcohol to their younger friend, what makes people think that eighteen year olds wouldn’t do it too. If the legal drinking age i s lowered to eighteen, eighteen year olds in high school might have sibling that is in middle school so those middle schools will also have access to alcohol. Surveys show that the most common source for alcohol among eighteen to twenty year olds is their twenty-one to twenty-four-year-old peers (Clark). Teen drinking can cause suicides. There is more pressure on teen than adults and when alcohol is added to the mix is only increases those effect (Arguments). Alcohol an affect you being a good student and it can also increase the risk of depression, violence and suicide. â€Å"Drinking and drug use may begin very early for young Americans. A new study has shown that by the time a teen reaches late adolescents, most of them have drank alcohol and use illicit substances†(National Institute). The younger you start can increase the risk of alcoholism at a young age. This can eventually lead to death. Also, the drinking age shouldn’t be lowered because it can affect peopleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s memory, decision making, coordination, and judgement. Which means, some of these effects can be permanent. Adolescent brains are still developing so who knows what the side effect can be in the future?Show MoreRelatedThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore when they went out drinking. It is a common fact that most teenagers have had a drink of alcohol before their twenty-first birthday. Most teenagers drink regularly or in some cases, binge drink. Nobody can prevent underage drinking. When people tell a teenagers they cannot have something, it inclines them to want it even more and teenagers will go to extreme lengths to obtain it. In 1984, Congress passed the law stating the legal drinking age in the United States was twenty-one (Alcoholism)Read MoreLowering the Drinking Age1223 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"What we’re doing now to prevent underage drinking isn’t working; it’s time to try something else.† Although many people argue that the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1964, which lowed the drinking age from eighteen to twenty one, was a good idea. David J Hanson a professor in the State University of New York believed that something needs to be done to make the United States a safer place to live. Is it fair that people in the United States can serve in the military, vote in elections, serveRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1700 Words   |  7 PagesNational Minimum Drinking Age Act made all 50 states raise the legal drinking age to 21(Dejong). The debate is on whether the age should be lowered or not. Statistically, having the age at 21 has been very helpful in keeping the nation safe. If there is not an issue with age now, would it make sense to lower the age and create unnecessary problems? In this case, the negative effects outweigh the positive. Simply because there is no good in lowering the age. The legal drinking age has been set atRead MoreThe Minimum Drinkin g Age Act1692 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum Drinking Age Act. This act stated that all states must raise their minimum drinking age to 21. Individuals under the age of 21 would now be prohibited from purchasing or being in public possession of any alcoholic beverage. Though not every state was keen on this idea, they all jumped to raise the minimum drinking age due to the government threat that they would lose up to 10% of their federal highway funding if they ignored the request. However, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act wasRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?994 Words   |  4 PagesShould the Drinking Age Be Lowered? Approximately 2 out of every 3 high school students have drank to the point of getting intoxicated (binge drink), in more than one occasion (Centers for Disease and Control Prevention [CDC], n.d.). Binge drinking has become increasingly common for youth under the minimum legal drinking age, making it increasingly dangerous because of the lack of supervision that young adults have that can consequently, lead to death because of fear of the law (Bonnie O’ConnellRead MorePersuasive Essay On Underage Drinking1291 Words   |  6 PagesUnderage drinking is one of the largest problems that we have in the United States. This is a problem because alcohol is an item that nobody under twenty-one years of age is allowed to purchase or consume. People who are underage are punished by law when they consume or attempt to purchase alcohol illegally. This makes people under twenty-one want alcohol even more. In other countries where the drinking age is lower, there are less problems because it gives parents the push to teach their childrenRead MoreEssay on Stakeholder Analyses for Us Drinking Age986 Words   |  4 PagesAs most people living in the United States already know, the national minimum age for purchasing alcohol is twenty-one. However, prior to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, some states lowered the drinking age below 21 (mainly as a result of the lowered voting age). The Drinking Age Act was put into place as a result of a correlation between young drinking and motor vehicle fatalities. Under the provisions of the Act, any states with a minimum drinking age below 21 are subject to a 10%Read MoreBinge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays829 Words   |  4 Pages101 March 13, 2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (Wechsler 2010)Read MoreLowering The Drinking Age From Twenty857 Words   |  4 PagesAt eighteen years of age a teenager becomes an adult. They can choose to move out of their parents home, vote, marry, joining the military and buy tobacco and lottery tickets, but it isn’t illegal to purchase alcohol. However, in twenty-nine states it is legal to consume alcohol at eighteen, but not to purchase alcohol. Becoming an adult has many responsibilities; therefore, citizens should be able to drink at eighteen. The United States should lower the drinking age from twenty-one to eighteen becauseRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered973 Words   |  4 Pages The Legal Age for Drinking Alcohol Should Not Be Lowered To 18 In the United States. Every state has the right to set its own legal drinking age. However, according to George Will in an article he wrote in the Washington Post about the legal drinking age, â€Å"drinking age paradox† â€Å"lowering the drinking age will cost the state ten percent of its federal highway funds and cause a significant uproar from contractors and construction unions.† It is therefore in the best interest of every citizen

Behavior Modification Essay - 1380 Words

Behavior modification is happening more frequently than not in today’s society. It enforces and recognizes good behavior in many different circumstances, whether it is used on prison inmates which good behavior is rewarded with incentives, giving your animal a treat for doing a trick or if it is a golden star for a child’s good work done. The famous works of B.F Skinner is heavily involved with behavior modification and the idea that you can condition a human being to have favorable behavioral traits. The carrot and the stick analogy used regarding reward and punishment. Modifying behavior can be a beneficial tool to changing how one acts and thinks, but there will always be an opposing view point that raises controversy if it is ok to†¦show more content†¦Skinners experiments are said to be dated, but the information that was found within these experiments are still valid in today’s psychological practice. The claims and experiments that Skinner founded are still being taught in today’s psychology classes. A claim from the book Beyond Freedom and Dignity by Skinner (1971) himself says â€Å"In short, we need to make vast changes in human behavior, and we cannot make them with the help of nothing,† (4) and leads to say that â€Å"when human behavior begins, technology stops, and that we must carry on, as we have in the past, with what we have learned from personal experience or from those collections of personal experiences called history†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Skinner,1971, p.6.). With behavior modification we need to take a psychological approach as Skinner had mentioned in his book that when human behavior begins, technology ends. The brain responds to stimulus and if the brain responds to reward, then it would turn into a learned behavior. He also believed that the best way to look at and understand behavior was to look at the causes of an action and the consequence that follows. Twenty five hundred years ago a man or a woman might have understood themselves more than anything else than they may have known. Now in today’s society and withShow MoreRelatedBehavior Modification Is The Field Of Psychology1555 Words   |  7 PagesBehavior modification is the field of psychology that deals with analyzing and modifying behavior, it does this by identifying the relationships between environmental variables and the behavior of interest to determine why the behavior is used; the analyst then uses that information to develop a strategy of change by developing and implementing procedures that alter environmental events to influence behavior (Miltenberger, 2015). There are a wide variety of applications of Applied Behavior AnalysisRead MoreBehavior Modification and it Application to a Variety of Behaviors Within in an Educational Setting1117 Words   |  5 PagesBehavior Modification and it Application to a Variety of Behaviors Within in an Educational Setting Abstract Behavior modification is based on the concepts of observable antecedents, observable behavior, and consequences. A behavior modification program consists of a series of stages to achieve a desired modification of a target behavior. A token economy based behavior modification program that was applied for a full academic year in an entire elementary school,Read MoreThe Approach Of Behavior Modification Within Classrooms924 Words   |  4 Pages Behavior modification can be defined as a technique which focuses on punishment for behaviors that are undesirable and rewards for behaviors that are desirable (Langa, 2014). The approach of behavior modification is based off of the methodologies and findings of a famous psychologist who researched the area of behaviorism, B.F. Skinner. Skinner, also known as the â€Å"Father of Behaviorism,† developed the theory of operant conditioning (Langa, 2014). In his research, Skinner used reinforcements andRead MoreBehavior Modification Therapy For Children855 Words   |  4 Pagesfor inappropriate behaviors. The key in this therapy is to reward the child for good behavior, and it has been proven to have good, long term results. Along with behavior modification therapy there are a few other therapy options that are used to manage and treat ADHD symptoms; Cognitive therapy is one of those options, this therapy aims to help the child learn to better manage certain life skills such as problem solving and self-control. Anger management is also a treatment option that is usedRead MoreThe Behavior Modification Helps A Child With Separation Anxiety Behaviors And A Company Owner1104 Words   |  5 Pagesskills, cognitive skills, self-help, play and motor skills, and behavioral needs. ABA in the workplace can be used to increase desired behaviors and decrease undesired behaviors through use of positive and negative reinforcements. In the Case of Emily and that of Mr. Smith I will attempt to go over how Behavior modification can help a child with Separation anxiety behaviors and a company owner having difficulties with their employee’s not showing up to work. Case 1 Emily Reason for Referral: Emily wasRead MoreMethods For Modifying Behavior And Behavior Modification935 Words   |  4 PagesMethods for Modifying Behavior in Children Behavior modification is a treatment technique used to tackle countless problems within children. When children are born discipline and growth comes from the parents. We teach right from wrong. Therefore, we are where the root of the behavior starts. Children must be correctly disciplined by the age of six because if not that child would most likely be a criminal. A child behavior rises from what they learn and their surroundings, so what we teach our childrenRead MoreBehavior Modification Essay example839 Words   |  4 PagesBehavior Modification Behavior Modification, a psychological theory of human behavior. It evolved from the application of experimentally derived principles of learning to the modification of problem behaviors. The theory is based on a psychological model of human behavior that rejects the psychoanalytic or quasi-disease model of mental illness. Approaches to behavior modification assume that abnormal behavior is acquired and maintained in the same manner as normal behavior and can be changedRead MoreBehavior Modification And Operant Conditioning869 Words   |  4 Pagescomplete a successful change in behavior is known as behavior modification. The whole definition of the term as discovered by psychologist B.F Skinner forâ€Å" the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. He called this approach operant conditioning(McLeod).† The name which went on to be distinguishable from the term classical conditioning which is commonly referenced to the study of Pavlov’s dog. Behavior modification/operant condition is drasticallyRead MoreProfessional Application Of The Behavior Modification Model1303 Words   |  6 Pagesapplication of the behavior modification model. The theoretical basis for this model is behavioral theory. This model emphasizes the client system, but will shift focus to the mezzo system when needed. The process of behavior modification is outlined in detail in this paper. To end the paper, there will be articles that support this model and prove its effectiveness with individuals. Keywords: behavioral theory, behavior modification, individuals Behavior Modification Theoretical ExplanationRead MoreBehavior Modification And Its Effect On Behavior Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviors, are what people do and say, as humans, we notice how certain behaviors can be desirable but also undesirable. Though behavior modification, a person can attempt to alter a specific behavior by analyzing the behavior, and create a personalized plan to modify the behavior. When analyzing the behavior a person needs to decide if the behavior is either is in excess (to decrease the undesirable behavior) or deficit (to increase desirable behavior). Once behavior is the selected, then the person

Pediatric Physical Therapy Children with Disabilities

Question: Describe about A case study is posted below for D.J., a child with Down Syndrome. Like many children with Down Syndrome, D.J. is overweight and generally inactive. He does not have an ongoing fitness routine. How might you help him develop a daily or weekly physical activity or conditioning program? What special considerations would you need to make considering D.J.s impairments including his educational level or cognitive status, and his family situation? Answer: In this case study, the major concern is the 10-year old child having Down syndrome. The Down syndrome is a genetic disorder and generally has an additional piece of chromosome 21. Symptoms include the birth defect, mental retardation, inactivity, hearing impairment, lack of activities. Therefore, these children need additional care. DJ has low muscle tone, hearing disability and frequently suffers from fatigue during hard work. Therefore, he needs additional care and proper treatment for combating with his health status(Campbell, Palisano Orlin, 2012). It has been noticed that DJ and his parents are not actively participating in the physical exercise; he is not involved in community sports programs or any recreation program. Therefore, his weekly physical activity program should include awareness about physical activities and sports. DJ was born with a ventricular-septal defect and suffered from a middle ear infection. Therefore, physical activities are important for him to improve his body strength. Therefore, DJ can be recommended to increase daily physical activity with the special sports program, for normalizing his growth and reducing weight. His exercise programs should be concerned about the movement skill development and should be focused on his interest. It has been addressed that, DJ spend his free time by watching television. His parents can be recommended to go for a short trip or arrange some entertainment program for his son, watching television will enhance his weight. Besides regular physical activity, these entertainment programs at the weekend will help in DJ's growth and help to keep him healthy and motivated. Incorporating them in community programs and resources will help him to achieve lifetime benefits (Campbell, Palisano Orlin, 2012). In the case of DJ, he is a Down syndrome patient and he has some special needs for making his exercise beneficial. He is having developmental disabilities and becoming overweight. Therefore, exercise plan will help DJ to reduce the risk of obesity-related secondary disorders. However, there are some barriers to physical activities. It has been revealed that he is more interested in watching television than playing in the garden; he is not confident about his sports skills. Additionally, his parents are not interested in regular exercise and this is affecting the cognitive perception of the child. Therefore, he and his family need a learning session for becoming aware of the importance of physical activity (Batshaw, Roizen Lotrecchiano, 2013). Exercise and recreation plan The priority of the exercise plan is to give a health promotion lesson to DJ and his family for making them aware of the physical activities and its benefits along with the benefits of healthy diet DJ's parents are recommended to participate in community activities and start regular exercise, including jogging, cycling and aerobic exercise. Participation of parents will have emotional influence on DJ to show interest in physical activities DJ's parents are also recommended to become members of indoor YMCA swimming pool in the community for encouraging their child in swimming Different community programs, mainly recreational program are recommended for his cognitive development (Shields, Synnot Barr, 2012) Weekly physical activity program Details Strengthening DJ has a low muscle tone; thus, he should strengthen his muscle. DJ should undergo formal exercise program, can join gym for four days a week in alternative days, he can use resistance bands and weights The therapist should focus on physical education and adaptive physical education class for developing his exercise plan Cardiovascular Cardiovascular exercise will help DJ to increase his ability to walk throughout the school day without fatigue, in this way he will not have to take more breaks while playing, it will improve his sports activities A swimming program can be recommended for him on the alternative days of gym During his free time in spite of watching TV, he can use trade mill, under supervision of a therapist On weekend, parents can have a walk with their child for refreshment; it will also motivate him and help in growth (Esposito et al., 2012) He has a tricycle by do not have a bicycle, so he has the interest in cycling. His parents are advised to provide a cycling lesson with the provision of a bicycle As he is starting PA, he should start slowly like 10 minutes walk per day (Wuang Su, 2012) Balancing Activities DJ's exercise plan should be developed by including balance tasks, as these are more enjoyable and helps to improve sports skills and mobility Stationary activities like balancing leg with hands on hip can be more entertaining and influence for him His exercise plan can be improved by including proper schedule, where 60 minutes exercise per day will be the aim per day. 10 minutes walk to school, 15 minutes basketball during recess, 30 aerobic exercise or swimming at evening and 5 minute warm up or skipping at morning can be scheduled with the proper diet plan. His therapist or dietician according to his age and weight should set his diet plan. This exercise plan will also help to lose weight (Murphy Carbone, 2012). Reference List Batshaw, M. L., Roizen, N. J., Lotrecchiano, G. R. (2013). Children with disabilities., Brookes Publishing Campbell, S. K., Palisano, R. J., Orlin, M. N. (Eds.). (2012). Physical therapy for children (4th ed.). st Louis, MO. Elsevier/ Saunders. Campbell, S. K., Palisano, R. J., Orlin, M. N. (Eds.). (2012). Physical therapy for children (4th ed.). st Louis, MO. Elsevier/ Saunders. Esposito, P. E., MacDonald, M., Hornyak, J. E., Ulrich, D. A. (2012). Physical activity patterns of youth with Down syndrome.Intellectual and developmental disabilities,50(2), 109-119. Murphy, N. A., Carbone, P. S. (2012). Promoting the participation of children with disabilities in sports, recreation, and physical activities.Pediatrics,121(5), 1057-1061. Shields, N., Synnot, A. J., Barr, M. (2012). Perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity for children with disability: a systematic review.British Journal of Sports Medicine,46(14), 989-997. Wuang, Y., Su, C. Y. (2012). Patterns of participation and enjoyment in adolescents with Down syndrome.Research in developmental disabilities,33(3), 841-848.

Dream Theater free essay sample

Many would think of heavy metal groups as no-talent braggarts who sing raucous melodies about death, sex, and devil-worship. Now, alternative music is mainstream, which has pushed not only the no-talent braggarts, but the truly talented heavy metal bands underground. Now only hard-core fans are listening to these talents. One such band is Dream Theater. Images and Words is a collection of diverse songs with sounds ranging from soothing piano passages reminiscent of Beethoven, to mind-stirring lyrics that should grab Rush fans, to a Metallica-like crunch. The album starts off with a bang with Pull Me Under, which starts off fairly mellow, then explodes into a full-fledged heavy metal song. Pull Me Under is complete with massive jackhammer riffs, including lyrics like Every day sends future to past/Every breath leaves me one less to my last. The song, however, is not about death, as many may argue; it is about the inevitable passage of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Theater or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Songs that follow are entitled Another Day and Take the Time, featuring vocalist James LaBries impressive vocal range and keyboard/ guitar/bass harmony solos by Kevin Moore, John Petrucci, and John Myung, respectively. Another Day also displays Dream Theaters diversity by featuring an alto sax. Following Take The Time is a beautiful song about a young mans dreams of his lover, called Surrounded. Surrounded starts off very softly with Moore on piano and LaBrie softly singing lyrics She will slowly yield the light/As I awaken from the longest night. The song gets heavier, but no less beautiful (Heaven must be more than this/When angels waken with a kiss/Sacred hearts wont take the pain/But mine will never be the same She whispers words to clear my mind/I once could see but now, at last, Im blind). Epic songs follow like Learning to Live and Metropolis-Part I: The Miracle and The Sleeper, as well as a rarity among heavy metal albums: a lullaby. When I first heard the song, I began to get drowsy. The song is aptly titled Wait For Sleep. Images and Words is for anyone who likes heavy metal with a classical edge, classical music with a metallic edge, or for anyone who enjoys listening to a group of talented musicians of any genre. Dream Theater has excellent potential for becoming a musical legend, and deserves all the airplay that they get. My only hope is that Top 40 radio stations dont get a hold of Images and Words for they have the ability to kill bands while boosting their popularity. Im looking forward to seeing Dream Theater in concert, and their next album. . Review by K. L., Old Orchard Beach, ME